http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca:80/dspace/handle/10625/49647 Wed, 19 Jun 2013 17:13:12 GMT 2013-06-19T17:13:12Z http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca:80/dspace/handle/10625/50189 Title: The reason that I did not go - determinants of use of antenatal care services in South Africa two decades after the end of Apartheid Authors: Fried, J; Sunderji, A; Birch, S; Eyles, J Description: Article in press Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca:80/dspace/handle/10625/50189 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca:80/dspace/handle/10625/50184 Title: Cultural influences on the assessment of children’s pain Authors: Finley, G A; Kristjánsdóttir, Ó; Forgeron, P A Abstract: Culture is commonly regarded as a factor in pain behaviour and experience, but the meaning of the term is often unclear. There is little evidence that pain perception is modified by cultural or ethnic factors, but pain expression by children and interpretation by caregivers may be affected by the culture of the patient or the caregiver. The present paper examines some of the research regarding cultural influences on children’s pain assessment, and addresses directions for future research. A focus on cultural influences should not distract clinicians from the need to be sensitive to individual beliefs and attitudes.; La dimension culturelle de l’expérience de la douleur et du comportement à son endroit est un paramètre généralement accepté, mais sa portée reste souvent imprécise. On dispose de peu de preuves sur l’influence des facteurs culturels ou ethniques sur la perception de la douleur, mais l’expression de la douleur chez les enfants et son interprétation chez les personnes qui les soignent subissent certainement l’influence de la culture du patient ou de la personne soignante. Le présent article fait le point sur des recherches qui ont tenté de mesurer le rôle du bagage culturel dans l’évaluation de la douleur chez les enfants et il donne des pistes d’orientation pour les recherches à venir. Cet intérêt pour les influences culturelles ne devrait toutefois pas faire oublier aux médecins la nécessité de demeurer sensibles aux croyances et aux habitudes des individus. Description: Abstract provided in French Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca:80/dspace/handle/10625/50184 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca:80/dspace/handle/10625/49962 Title: The Gift of Agency: Sexual Exchange Scripts among Nigerian Youth Authors: Barnett, J P; Maticka-Tyndale, E; HP4RY Team Abstract: This article examines the practice of directly exchanging goods for sexual intercourse using data from 36 focus-group discussions with youth living in rural southern Nigeria. Conceptualizing this practice as a sexual script, the authors conduct a deductive thematic analysis framed by the broader context in which sexual exchange occurs. Combining scripting theory with an analysis of the form of the payment, it was found that the cultural script of exchange supports girls’ agency. However, at the interpersonal level of practice, this script often loses out in conflict with the cultural scripting of male control. The shape of this practice is influenced by intrapsychic scripts (e.g., sexual violence is an option), interpersonal resources (e.g., family money), and cultural scripts (e.g., stuff and status bring friends). In the final analysis, sexual exchange is found to be a script that both enables and restricts agency. It is a power niche for those with limited social and economic power, enabling them to seek and access material goods, social status, and sexual experience. It is also a means of coercing unwanted sex via peer and parental pressure, poverty, and a context of gender inequality. Implications for HIV prevention are discussed. Description: Version of record first published: 28 Jul 2010 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca:80/dspace/handle/10625/49962 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca:80/dspace/handle/10625/49850 Title: Low male-to-female sex ratio of children born in India: national survey of 1.1 million households Authors: Jha, P; Kumar, R; Vasa, P; Dhingra, N; Thiruchelvam, D Abstract: Background: Fewer girls than boys are born in India. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain this low sex ratio. Our aim was to ascertain the contribution of prenatal sex determination and selective abortion as measured by previous birth sex. Methods: We analysed data obtained for the Special Fertility and Mortality Survey undertaken in 1998. Ever-married women living in 1.1 million households in 6671 nationally-representative units were asked questions about their fertility history and children born in 1997. Findings: For the 133 738 births studied for 1997, the adjusted sex ratio for the second birth when the preceding child was a girl was 759 per 1000 males (99% CI 731—787). The adjusted sex ratio for the third child was 719 (675—762) if the previous two children were girls. By contrast, adjusted sex ratios for second or third births if the previous children were boys were about equal (1102 and 1176, respectively). Mothers with grade 10 or higher education had a significantly lower adjusted sex ratio (683, 610—756) than did illiterate mothers (869, 820—917). Stillbirths and neonatal deaths were more commonly male, and the numbers of stillbirths were fewer than the numbers of missing births, suggesting that female infanticide does not account for the difference. Interpretation: Prenatal sex determination followed by selective abortion of female fetuses is the most plausible explanation for the low sex ratio at birth in India. Women most clearly at risk are those who already have one or two female children. Based on conservative assumptions, the practice accounts for about 0·5 million missing female births yearly, translating over the past 2 decades into the abortion of some 10 million female fetuses. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca:80/dspace/handle/10625/49850 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca:80/dspace/handle/10625/49844 Title: The role of health extension workers in improving utilization of maternal health services in rural areas in Ethopia: a cross sectional study Authors: Abrha, A; Spigt, M; Tewelde, Y; Schaay, N; Sanders, D Description: Currently under review for publication Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca:80/dspace/handle/10625/49844 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z